Menopause is a period of significant hormonal changes which, in turn, can impact the gut microbiome. Periods may occur less or more often, last longer or shorter and bleeding may be heavier or lighter than normal. During perimenopause and menopause, reduced oestrogen levels influence gut function and diversity.
A less diverse gut microbiome can lead to microbial imbalance (aka gut dysbiosis), which can contribute to inflammation and weakening of the immune system.
Postmenopausal women commonly exhibit a lower gut microbiome diversity and altered overall composition, compared to premenopausal women. This includes less of an enzyme called beta-glucuronidase, which is involved in the “oestrobolome” – a special group of gut bugs that help recycle oestrogen back into the bloodstream, instead of getting rid of it. These changes can impact a range of bodily functions beyond reproductive health, including weight management, supporting libido, mood to bone, brain, immune, and heart health.
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